Cause And Effect Of Climate Change Essay - 1220 Words

Cause and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): How do you explain that 30 years ago we had a different weather than today? When you look at yourself in a dirty mirror; can you see your image very well? The same occurs when the sun rays reflect on the sea and that reflection can’t be released into the space because gasses in the atmosphere block their exit causing the planet to get warmer. II. Climate change is how the weather has changed in a specific area over a given period of time-usually 30 years. That means that changes in the weather could be variable or extreme depends on the region you are. We are seeing these changes every year as the seasons changing; I.e. Usually we compare the weather of the season this year and the weather of the season from the past year. III. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), â€Å"Climate change† encompasses global warming, but refers to the broad range of changes that are happening to our planet. That means the reason of Climate Change is because of global warming that could be produced due to natural processes, such as changes in the Sun’s radiation, volcanoes or internal variability in theShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Climate Change1706 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the causes and effects of climate change. Present any solutions that are relevant to these issues. Probably the most anxious threat to our earth in these two decades is climate change. Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other saying, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer (Epa.gov, 2015). The rateRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects934 Words   |  4 Pages Climate Change Paper Kaitlyn Yinger 4-17-15 Erin Reese Biology 122: 10:30-12:45 Climate Change What really causes climate change? Is it human cause or is a natural process that is happening? I think that us as humans contribute more to climate change then natural causes. Human Causes Humans affect climate change in different ways, three main ways that humans caused climate change is deforestation, greenhouse gases and Agriculture. Deforestation causes change to the landscapeRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1084 Words   |  5 PagesAs a result of climate change, natural disaster has increased extremely, especially droughts and floods around the world. In the past several years, it can be seen that various news concerned critical climate variability and extreme weather. For instance, the United States Department of Agriculture (2013) pointed out that the US agricultural land suffered from drought about 80 percent in 2012, while BBC (2015) reported that one of four districts in Myanmar, which were warned of flooding caused byRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Climate Change Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication 11, Section D23 Informative Speech 14 November 2016 Causes and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech, my audience will know more what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us, we need to know more about this issue. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): When you look at yourselfRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates about the pros and cons of climate change and what are the causes and effects of climate change. There are those who argue that the rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases in our environment are as a direct result of human activities. Some activities that are at the top of the list include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting down of our forest, these activities are causing significant and increasingly severe climate changes which include global warming. GlobalRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1113 Words   |  5 Pages Climate Change: Causes and Effects Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Climate Change: Causes and Effects According to Adger (2010), the combined effect of climate change and limitations of resources is serving as a threat to the sustainability of the current social-economic systems and is poised to affect our way of life. Climatic change is more than global warming. The rise in temperatures is but part of the broader changes leading to extreme temperatures, drought, floodingRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topic of climate change. Climate change is no myth; it’s a further analysis of how our planet is suffering the negative effects of human carelessness, which can be observed through the glaciers worldwide. Due to fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, greenhouse gasses are beyond regular amounts and affecting the glaciers, causing them to melt and increase ocean and sea levels. To further understand Climate Change, one must recognize what it is. When people ponder about climate, they thinkRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1781 Words   |  8 PagesClimate change, either caused by humans, or naturally occurring, is beginning to affect several areas around the world and is causing human environmental insecurity in some already weakened states and regions. Climate change is defined simply as changes in the earth’s weather patterns. Change in climate becomes a security concern, for example, if decreased rainfall equates to decreased crop production in what was once a dependable food source that has now disappeared. The lack of this resourceRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesClimate change: Climate change is caused mainly by increase of human activity and industrialisation. For example, activities such as driving cars, farming, burning coal and cutting down forests produce greenhouse gases – mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide which are emitted into the atmosphere, which create a layer of greenhouse gases around the earth and trap the sun s heat. The earth over its 4.5 billion-year history has naturally fluctuated from ice ages to extreme droughts, howeverRead MoreClimate Change : Causes, Effects And Solutions1774 Words   |  8 Pageslately on the causes, effects and solutions of global climate change. Nearly every day, scientists and politicians speak about the subject, or we hear about it in the news media. On September 23, 2014, President Obama remarked at a U.N. 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Human Wildlife Conflicts Free Essays

ANIMAL ‘RIGHTS’ OR HUMAN ‘DUTIES’? – A JURISPRUDENTIAL QUAGMIRE ON ANIMAL RIGHTS (HUMAN RIGHTS vs. ANIMAL RIGHTS- JURISPRUDENTIAL FRONTIERS) ABSTRACT Our ecosystem is a sophisticated organization which includes multitude of flora and fauna that coexist harmoniously without disrupting the sacred equilibrium. Homo-sapiens have topped this ladder of species by virtue of the sixth sense of thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Wildlife Conflicts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though humans do possess this exceptional faculty of reason, they cannot thrive in solitude but can only sustain by placing them amongst the rest of the organization. When humans started organizing themselves, attained civilization and improved their standards of living, they unfortunately undermined the relative importance of the co-organisms which make up the system, thus giving rise to the emergence of an anthropocentric society. The Research Problem The jurisprudential quagmire is the question whether animals too require ‘rights’ analogous to that of human rights. Human rights are those inalienable, universal and egalitarian fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled merely by reason of his or her birth as a human. In the light of this definition, â€Å"animal rights† is an absolute misnomer. In jurisprudential terminology, a right is an interest recognized and protected by law. A right unlike an interest is a valid claim or potential claim, made by a moral agent under principles that govern both the claimant and the target of the claim. It presupposes two legal persons, viz., the subject of the right and subject of the duty. Animals cannot be the bearers of such rights because the concept of rights is essentially human; it is rooted in and has force only within a human moral/legal world. Moreover, by no stretch of imagination, animals can be regarded as legal persons. In fact, it is not the interest of the animal but the interest of the human beings that animals should also coexist with them. According to Leon Duguit, your ‘right’ is a byproduct of the other person preforming his duty towards you. He says there is no right but only duty. If the other has a duty towards you, you feel like having a ‘right’. Viewed in the light of Duguit’s theory, the mounting problem of protection of wildlife is actually a human rights issue and not an issue of animal rights. Animalright is, in fact, an illusion created by human beings performing their duties to animals, to the ecosystem, to the nature and to the society effectively. If law is about balancing of conflicting interests as pointed out by Rudolf Von Ihering and later developed by Roscoe Pound, the conflict involved here is the conflict between the interests of those who indiscriminately destruct the ecosystem for personal motives and of those who are concerned about the mother earth. The Scheme of the Article This article seeks to explore the true nature of the jurisprudential basis of the legal protection of wild life and endeavors to put in correct perspective the need for eco-governance. It argues that animals cannot have ‘rights’ in the jurisprudential sense; that right of an animal is an illusion created because of the presence of human duty to protect it; that if human beings acquire human rights by birth, they also incur absolute human duties by birth; that the ultimate objective of wild life protection law is to save and protect the ‘animals’ and not their ‘rights’. It concludes that human beings are reckoned to be morally upright species and causing pain and suffering to animals puts them in a position much lesser than that of human. ADHEENA BIJU IVth Semester B.Com., LL. B (Hons) School of Legal Studies CUSAT Kochi-22 How to cite Human Wildlife Conflicts, Papers

Journal of Academy of Marketing Science - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. How well did Amazon respond to changes In Macro and microenvironment factors and how well did it manage its value chain? 2.Comment on Amazons approach to international business strategy by evaluating its structure, resources, and culture. Answers: Answer 1 Amazon, a name that was synonymous to wildlife and nature some decades ago, has been remolded as something entirely different to its previous association. Amazon is now a household name for online shopping catering to the needs of customers worldwide. In 1994, Jeff Bezos founded Amazon and launched it a year later (Smith, Rupp and Offodile 2017). Beginning initially as an online bookstore, Amazon soon expanded its business by including other items as well. It is the first of its kind e-commerce business that revolutionized the way shopping is done. With the changing era, Amazon.com molded itself to suit the current generation. This section provides an analysis of the macro and micro-environmental factors that affected Amazon since its inception until 2015 and how it responded to the changes (Khan 2016). Amazon has been in the business for over 20 years and operating in almost every country in the world Salam (2016). Numerous factors influence the business and this can be analyzed by applying PESTLE. This model would help in presenting the macro-environmental factors that include political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors affecting the company. Political factors In any country, businesses are bound to be affected by the political situation concomitant in the present age. Amazon.com too had to face issues related to political factors. Policies implemented by governments in different countries might restrict or broaden a companys profits. During the early 90s, when Amazon put its first step in Washington, economic globalization had just begun to spread its feathers and this provided the company a great opportunity to extend its business. However,Amazon.com profits from a countrys political stability. The absence of stability especially in developed countries might prove a threat to the business. Economic factors Economic factors relate to the economic trends that affect a business in any country. To Amazon, the economic pattern of countries where it operates its online retail business directly influences its overall business. However, centered mainly in and on the US, Amazon garners profit largely from countries within the continent. Hence, the companys profits and revenues depend on the economic trend prevailing in most of the American nations. Social factors: Social and cultural factors that affect Amazon include wealth disparity in under developed and developing countries, rise in consumerism and rise in buying habits of people amongst others. While some factors pose a threat to Amazon the disparity in wealth others provide an opportunity as well increased consumerism and buying habits. With the advancement in technology, more people are having access to the internet and providing more opportunities for Amazon to expand. Technological factors Amazons business is entirely dependent upon technology and it is obvious that factors relating to technology will affect it. In the initial years, Amazon had limited customers within the US itself, as many did not have access to the internet. With the emergence of information technology, the business reached its zenith with its customer base growing rapidly. It however needs to be mentioned that this factor, although one of Amazons biggest strength, might prove its biggest weakness as well. This is because the company depends heavily on technology for adding and retaining customers, maintaining and optimizing services and so on. Legal factors The norms and regulations that have to be followed by a company come under this category. These factors can be linked to political factors because the government is involved. Globalization has helped Amazon to increase its customer base, as governments have eased import and export regulations. The companys corporate social responsibility (CSR) regulations are also designed in a way that adheres to the rules that ensure environmental protection. Environmental factors Amazons CSR policy states the importance of developing a business model that encourages sustainability. The company looks to incorporate clean technologies meaning less impact on environment. However, the company has faced criticism for its neglect of CSR, the sustainability issue in particular. In its 20 years, Amazon has never published a report on sustainability and has always avoided talks on corporate responsibility, published a leading daily (Theguardian.com 2017). The company nonetheless looks forwards to change this image. It has appointed people with expertise in this field. Figure 1. Amazons PESTLE Analysis (Source: Created by author) Changing environment influences companies to change or update their strategies from time to time. Amazon has been able to adapt to the changing trends but it still lacks in certain areas. Through Porters Five Forces Analysis, the changing industrial environment can be evaluated. Figure 2. Porters Five Forces (Source: Created by author) Competitive forces This indicates the rivalry of Amazon with existing e-commerce businesses. The situation was different in the 90s when Amazon was launched. Fewer online retailers were there and Amazon too was only involved in selling of books. Its main competitors were Walmart and e-Bay. However, with the changing era, competition increased at an alarming pace owing to increased access to internet. Threats of new entrants Globalization opened the gates for business especially online retailers to spread their business and earn unprecedented revenues. This put Amazon in a vulnerable position has it faced tough competition from the new entrants like Jabong, Flipkart and so on. The new online firms affect Amazons market share that reduces gradually. Customers can easily shift to a new firm as it does not cost them anything and it would not have any negative affect as well. However, Amazon has established a reputation that would be difficult for new companies to match. Threats of substitution Similar to the previous factor, substitute sites are present in abundance that allows customers to switch easily from Amazon. Customers have gamut of options to choose from thus placing Amazon in a vulnerable position. The company thus aims to strategize its future growth keeping this in mind. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers have the power to bargain for costs with the company when there is limited availability of suppliers. Thus, a company must ensure that their suppliers base is strong enough to ensure cost effective strategy. Amazon in this regard has an advantage over most companies. Bargaining power of buyers The consumers have the power to switch to other firms when they feel Amazon demands higher prices for similar products. Abundant options are available for consumers to shift from Amazon and choose another company. This shows that Amazons customer-centric strategy is apt to overcome this challenge. After a thorough analysis of the Five Forces, it is evident that Amazon has managed to maintain its position in the ever-growing competitive market. This can be further explained through its value chain analysis. Amazon has shown exceptional growth by managing the value chain efficiently over the years. The value chain can be categorized into primary and support activities. The primary activity includes inbound logistics, outbound logistics, operations, marketing, sales, and services. Firm infrastructure, human resources, technology development and procurement are included in support activities (Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014). Primary activities Figure 3. Amazons Value Chain Analysis (Source: Created by author) The overall analysis of Amazons micro and macro-environmental factors bring forth its strengths and weaknesses and also its threats and opportunities (Holweg and Helo 2014). This could be better understood by doing the SWOT analysis. Figure 4. Amazons SWOT Analysis (Source: Created by author) Amazon has not limited its business to online shopping only and has carried out strategic conglomerations and deals to expand its business. Its growth strategies can be understood from the Ansoff Matrix (Thijsen, Tong and van Leer 2014). Products Existing New Market Penetration Generating revenues from existing markets by launching loyalty programs and reducing prices Product development With existing capabilities With new capabilities Beyond current expectations Introducing Kindle, Kindle Fire, Echo etc. Market Development New segments New territories New uses With new capabilities Beyond current expectations Expanding to countries beyond the US like India, China, Sweden and Poland Diversification With existing capabilities With new capabilities Beyond current expectations Acquiring IMDb, Zappos and other such products, launching Amazon Web Services (AWS) Markets Figure 5. Ansoff Matrix demonstrating Amazons growth strategy (Source: Created by author) Amazons growth strategy reveals that the company has made smart use of the Ansoff Matrix to relate the strategies to its SWOT strategy. A close look at the opportunities presented to the company reveals its market development strategy to expand to new countries (Hinterhuber and Liozu 2014). Answer 2 Amazon managed to reach the position it is in now by implementing all its strategies systematically and in accord with the changing environment. This was possible because of its customer-centric strategy and hybrid business strategy. An analysis of its mission and vision statement gives an insight into the companys long-term success. Reaching globally, giving customer first priority and offering wide range of products come under its vision statement and results do show that the company has achieved its vision (Laudon and Traver 2013). The mission statement focuses on offering lowest prices, superior selection of products and making those available at extreme convenience. This has also been achieved by the company and the commitment is still there to achieve it further. Amazon successfully managed to retain its top position in the e-commerce business and held 38% market share in 2016. The company earned revenue of USD 135, 987 in the last fiscal year, which is close to 28 per cent increase from the previous year (Fortune.com 2017). This trend seems to continue for the company in the current year as well, report leading business sites. These statistics further strengthen the fact that Amazon has been successful in implementing its strategies in accordance with its goals. This success of Amazon could be attributed to its smart use of technology that helped reduce cost. To cite an example, the company initialized the use of Kiva robots from the year 2014 to help in the processes of picking and packing and cut operating costs down to almost twenty percent (Statista.com 2017). In addition, the company announced the launch of drone delivery services under its Prime air program last year that is estimated to save shipping costs to an unimaginable extent. T he Prime air program would prove highly cost-friendly for both the customer and the company believe experts. Izogo and Ozo (2015) argue that despite Amazons success in the e-commerce industry, it is still under pressure from the growing competition. Emerging markets in the online retail industry are giving a stiff competition to the e-commerce giant. The brick-and-mortar retailers such as Best Buy, Walmart, Target, other e-commerce sites like Flipkart, eBay are some top competitors. However, Amazon has managed to maintain its position in the ever-growing online market. One of the prime reasons for its success is the implementation of the sustainability measures. Although the company did face backlash for its neglect of sustainability issues but it has come a long way since then. Rooftop solar systems, wind farms, installation of LED lights in all its offices across the globe are some initiatives taken by Amazon to encourage sustainability while doing business (Amazon.com 2017). These measures have been taken to develop and maintain the business in the competitive market. Amazon has also managed to survive the bleak e-commerce market by applying innovative ideas to attract customers (Al Sayyed 2016). To illustrate, the company started as an online bookstore but now offers service ranging from movies, music to gaming and more. Amazons intentions to expand and penetrate into every market concerned with technology can be clearly seen from its announcements in recent years. Starting as a humble online store selling books, the company has now expanded to every aspect of technology providing services from Prime air to Echo and such (He 2015). The hunger to expand globally is evident from the measures mentioned in the previous segments. Amazon is structured as a transnational organization that operates in other countries with headquarters based in Seattle, US. Its international strategy is better understood from the Bartlett and Ghoshal matrix (Gershon 2016). According to the matrix, a transnational organization aims to achieve local responsiveness and at the same time target global integration as well. This type of strategy has high pressure for both local responsiveness and global integration. Amazons strategy is in accord with this type of international strategy where it focuses on global expansion while maintaining local base. Sumantra Ghoshals organizing framework for global strategy explains the issues managers face in the global economy and ways to tackle them (Rothaermel 2015). Three basic factors that help tackle these issues include Attaining effectiveness in existing activities Managing risks related with performing these actions Developing inner learning means enable innovation and acclimatize to future changes Evaluating Amazons global strategy, one can clearly see its close link to the above three factors. The company consistently focuses on lessening national differences to stress on global expansion. Further, Amazon follows a hierarchical structure of organization with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) leading the group. Figure 6. Amazons Organizational Structure (Source: Created by author) The Resource Based View model provides a thorough explanation of the resources and competencies of Amazon. The RBV helps in exploring the abilities of a firm to implement and maintain effective national and global strategies. After evaluating the resources and competencies of Amazon, it is important to understand its work culture in order to analyze its international strategy. Amazon.com boasts of an excellent work culture involving employees from different cultural backgrounds. Nonetheless, it has been criticized for having a work culture that pressurizes people to work for long hours and reply to emails or text messages even after midnight. In addition, it has also been accused of discriminating against unwell employees who are supposedly fired for not being able to deliver (Bbc.com 2017). Viewing from Hofstedes five cultural dimensions, three in particular, the workplace culture of Amazon could be better understood. Focusing on individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity and power distance index gives evidence of Amazons unforgiving or brutal culture (Rallapalli and Montgomery 2015). Amazon is mainly a US based company and hence its workplace culture would uphold traditions popular in the US. Employees from other backgrounds thus find it difficult to adjust into the companys culture. With all these factors in mind, Amazon strategically implements its plans and succeeds in expanding globally. In fact, it has managed to penetrate into almost arenas of technological market that was seen impossible some decades ago (Day 2014). References: Al Sayyed, S., 2016. Strategic Marketing. A Live Case Study on Amazon Marketing. Amazon.com (2017).Sustainability-Energy and Environment. [online] Amazon.com. Available at: https://www.amazon.com/p/feature/gkkwdp34z5ou7ug [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Bbc.com (2017).Amazon defends workplace culture. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33957484 [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Day, G.S., 2014. An outside-in approach to resource-based theories.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.27-28. Fortune.com (2017).Amazon.com. [online] Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/fortune500/amazon-com/ [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Gershon, R.A., 2016. Intelligent Networking and the Transnational Corporation: Redefining Business Work Space. InMedia Convergence Handbook-Vol. 2(pp. 17-31). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. He, Z., 2015, August. External Environment Analysis of Commercial-use drones. In2015-1st International Symposium on Social Science. Atlantis Press. Hinterhuber, A. and Liozu, S.M., 2014. Is innovation in pricing your next source of competitive advantage?.Business Horizons,57(3), pp.413-423. Holweg, M. and Helo, P., 2014. Defining value chain architectures: Linking strategic value creation to operational supply chain design.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.230-238. Izogo, E.E. and Ozo, J.U., 2015. Critical evaluation of how well placed amazon is to sustain its historical in online retailing.British Journal of Marketing Studies,3(6), pp.31-42. Khan, L.M., 2016. Amazon's antitrust paradox.Yale LJ,126, p.710. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Rallapalli, K.C. and Montgomery, C.D., 2015. Marketing Strategies For Asian-Americans: Guidelines Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. InMinority Marketing: Research Perspectives for the 1990s(pp. 73-77). Springer, Cham. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Salam, M.T., 2016. Devising a Business Model of Amazon's 1995-2004 Journey.Browser Download This Paper. Smith, A.D., Rupp, W.T. and Offodile, O.F., 2017. Amazon. com, Inc.: Retailing Giant to High-Tech Player?. Statista.com (2017).Topic: Amazon. [online] www.statista.com. Available at: https://www.statista.com/topics/846/amazon/ [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Theguardian.com (2017).Can Amazon's new 'dream team' fix the company's sustainability reputation?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/feb/02/amazon-sustainability-edf-epa-best-buy-walmart-apple-microsoft-csr-child-labor [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Thijsen, T., Tong, T. and van Leer, J., 2014. Ansoff Model.Marketing.